氯霉素
中文同義詞:D(-)-蘇-1-對硝基基-2-二氯基-1,3-丙二醇;D-蘇-1-對硝基基-2-二氯乙酰氨基-1,3-丙二醇;左霉素;左旋霉素;D-蘇式-(-)-N-[alpha-(羥基甲基)-beta-羥基-對硝基乙基]-2,2-二氯; 雜質D
英文名稱:Chloramphenicol
英文同義詞:[theta-(theta,theta)]-;[R-(R*,R*)]-2,2-dichloro-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]ethanamide;2,2-dichloro-n-(2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl)-acetamid;2,2-dichloro-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-,[R-(R*,R*)]-Acetamide;2,2-dichloro-n-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-acetamid;Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-(beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenethyl);Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-, [R-(R*,R*)]-;Acetamide, 2,2-dichloro-N-[beta-hydroxy-alpha-(hydroxymethyl)-p-nitrophenethyl]-, D-threo-(-)-
CAS號: 56-75-7
分子式:C11H12Cl2N2O5
分子量:323.13
EINECS號:200-287-4
化學性質:白色或微黃帶綠色針狀結晶。熔點150.5-151.5℃(149.7-150.7℃)。在高真空下可以升華。微溶于水（2.5mg/ml，25℃），略溶于丙二醇（150.8mg/ml），易溶于甲醇、、丁醇、乙酯，不溶于、石油醚，植物油。味極苦。
用途：屬廣譜抑菌抗生素，是治療傷寒，副傷寒的藥，治療厭氧菌感染的藥物之一，其次用于敏感微生物所致的各種感染性疾病的治療。由于不良反應嚴重現用得越來越少。
包裝：25KG/紙板桶

生產方法：各國對氯霉素的生產方法進行過大量的研究，歸納起來有：（1）對硝基乙酮法；（2）乙烯法；（3）肉桂醇法；（4）對硝基肉桂醇法；（5）對硝基甲醛法。我國采用對硝基乙酮法，該法由乙經硝化、氧化、溴化、成鹽、水解、乙酰化、加成、還原、分解、分拆、二氯乙酰化而得氯霉素。

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