日常维护
PLC的日常维护和保养比较简单,主要是更换保险丝和锂电池, 基本没有其它易损元器件。由于存放用户程序的随机存储器(RAM)、计数器和具有保持功能的辅助继电器等均用锂电池保护,锂电池的寿命大约为5年,当锂电池的电压逐渐降低到一定程度时,PLC基本单元上电池电压跌落到指示灯亮,提示用户注意有锂电池所支持的程序还可保留一周左右,必须更换电池,这是日常维护的主要内容。
调换锂电池的步骤为:
■在拆装前,应先让PLC通电15秒以上(这样可使作为存储器备用电源的电容器充电,在锂电池断开后,该电容可对PLC做短暂供电,以保护RAM 中的信息不丢失);
■断开PLC的交流电源;
■打开基本单元的电池盖板;
■取下旧电池,装上新电池;
■盖上电池盖板。
注意更换电池时间要尽量短,一般不允许超过3分钟。如果时间过长,RAM中的程序将消失。
此外,应注意更换保险丝时要采用指定型号的产品。
I/O模块的更换
若需替换一个模块,用户应确认被安装的模块是同类型。有些I/O系统允许带电更换模块,而有些则需切断电源。若替换后可解决问题,但在一相对较短时间后又发生故障,那么用户应检查能产生电压的感性负载,也许需要从外部抑制其电流尖峰。如果保险丝在更换后易被烧断,则有可能是模块的输出电流超限,或输出设备被短路。
PLC的故障诊断是一个十分重要的问题,是保证PLC控制系统正常、可靠运行的关键。本文对常用的故障诊断方法进行了探讨。在实际工作过程中,应充分考虑到对PLC的各种不利因素,定期进行检查和日常维护,以保证PLC控制系统安全、可靠地运行。
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